Which of the following freedoms is guaranteed by the First Amendment?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is a crucial part of the Bill of Rights and guarantees several fundamental freedoms that are essential to a democratic society. One of those freedoms is the freedom of religion, which protects individuals' rights to practice their faith without government interference. This encompasses both the freedom to worship as one chooses and the prohibition against the government establishing a religion, ensuring that there is a clear separation between religious practices and governmental institutions.

In contrast, the right to bear arms is addressed in the Second Amendment, the right to a fair trial is covered under the Sixth Amendment, and protections against discrimination are established through various civil rights laws rather than being explicitly listed in the Constitution itself. Therefore, the correct answer is the freedom of religion, as it is explicitly guaranteed by the First Amendment. This understanding of the First Amendment's protections is vital for recognizing how they contribute to the foundational principles of American democracy.