What is meant by "totality of circumstances" in evaluating the use of force?

The phrase "totality of circumstances" refers to the comprehensive approach used in evaluating the appropriateness of an officer's use of force. This concept emphasizes that all relevant factors must be considered when assessing a situation, rather than focusing solely on specific actions or individual elements. This includes the behaviors of both the officer and the subject, the environment, and any other contextual details that could impact the assessment of the situation.

In this context, understanding the totality of circumstances allows for a more nuanced and fair evaluation of an officer's decisions in the moment. Factors such as the apparent threat level, the subject's actions, and the officer's training and experience come into play, creating a complete picture of the incident. This approach is essential in ensuring that the evaluation reflects the complexities of real-life encounters rather than oversimplifying them.

Considering only major factors or dismissing historical data would not provide a complete understanding of the incident, resulting in potential misjudgments. Additionally, focusing solely on the officer's perspective lacks the necessary context by not including all aspects of the situation that could impact the use of force. Thus, the correct approach involves a thorough examination of all relevant factors.